Tanks in World War I Free Essays

In 1915 Europe was amidst World War I and was at an impasse brought about by channel fighting. There was a requirement for new and progressive weapons to end the predicament. The British found an answer for this issue by developing tanks. We will compose a custom exposition test on Tanks in World War I or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now The creation of the tank had various upsides and downsides, however it at last changed fighting. Tanks were worked to navigate through channels. Channels were turning into an exacting divider and kept either side from progressing. Tanks were the answer for the problem that was the Western Front. The principal model was called Mark I and was tried for the British Army in the September of 1916. Tanks were dynamic and empowered numerous new strategies. They utilized caterpillar tracks which had a less probability of getting adhered because of sinking. Tanks offered security against guns and scared German infantry men that were stunned profoundly by the way that they can't pulverize a tank with automatic rifle alone. Tanks were likewise extraordinary for going with infantry to ensure them. There were likewise cons that accompanied the utilization of tanks. Tanks were extremely moderate, moving at a pace of four miles for each hour; easygoing human strolling speed. They were precisely inconsistent, and separated every now and again. More often than not tanks were hot, numbingly noisy and for the most part awkward for the teams. After the British brought the tank into the war different nations had their own varieties. France propelled their first tank, the Schneider CA1, not long after Britain had presented the. Imprint I. These tanks were equivalent to British tanks in many perspectives, with the exception of that they moved quicker by 1 mph. Near the finish of World War I, Germany had their own tank. The A7V, nicknamed â€Å"The Moving Fortress† by the British as a result of the state of the body, was gone into war in 1918 and were in real life for eight months. One hundred vehicles were requested throughout the spring of 1918, yet just 21 were conveyed. The most effective method to refer to Tanks in World War I, Essay models

Econ 3077 management of financil institution Coursework - 1

Econ 3077 administration of financil establishment - Coursework Example Thusly, the impacts are showed in the terrible showing of the Canadian dollar. The decrease in the oil costs is required to support the worldwide financial development. It is anticipated that the rate will diminish to US $60 per barrel. Notwithstanding the cost decrease in the vitality segment, there is an expanded remote interest, business affirmation and adventure, just as work rates (Bank of Canada, 2015). Be that as it may, the frail terms of exchange will influence the country’s wages and riches by lessening the local interest development. The Bank of Canada extends that the genuine GDP development will slow by 1.5% followed by the broadening of the yield hole in the main portion of 2015. The Banks money related strategy, the more vulnerable Canadian dollar and the solid US economy will step by step alleviate the lower oil costs. Subsequently, the economy will reinforce prompting 2.1 and 2.4 developments in the genuine GDP in the year 2015 and 2016

Favorite Places around Morningside Heights COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Favorite Places around Morningside Heights COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog If you have not already checked out the SIPA Survival Guide, I highly recommend you do so (http://www.sipa.columbia.edu/students/sipasa/documents/SIPASurvivalGuide2012.pdf). It is a veritable treasure trove of information on places to eat, play and study.   In that spirit, I wanted to share some of my favorite places around Morningside Heights, some of which are in there, and some of which are not. Favorite place to study: Teacher’s College.  Teacher’s college is right near the SIPA building on 120th Street.   Unlike the concrete jungle that is SIPA, TC’s library and dining hall have that classic old university feeling without being overrun by undergrads like the main campus. Unlike the Law School, Teacher’s College has an open WiFi network and its library is open to anybody with a Columbia ID. The library features private group study rooms, an open plan talking area and quiet study area with big tables and smaller study carrels. There is a café on the first floor that serves (hello!) Starbucks coffee as well as other small items and people are pretty open about bringing drinks/small snacks into the library. I am also a fan of TC’s Grace Dodge Dining Hall. It is usually pretty quiet in there but the food is the best quality I have had anywhere in campus including a pick your own salad, pizza and sandwich bar. Favorite place to blog/apply to jobs from: Brad’s Café at the Journalism School.   When I’m feeling less academic and more professional, my favorite place to work is Brad’s Café, located at the Journalism School right inside in the Broadway 116th Street entrance. Brad’s has outdoor seating which is partially enclosed during the cooler months and features a scrawling news feed and all day TV news coverage. Note, seating is for patrons only so be prepared to buy something.  Every time I’m in there I feel like I’m about to file a story with my bureau chief. Favorite place to bring tourists:   Grant’s Tomb. Devotees with not be surprised to learn that I’m a big American history nerd and there is a real treasure, the General Grant National Memorial, right in our own backyard. (http://www.nps.gov/gegr/index.htm) Most times it’s pretty quiet so you will be able to impress your guests by arranging a private tour. Favorite place for a treat: Crumbs Cupcakes (Broadway and 109th).  New Yorkers love cupcakes and Crumbs is the crème de la crème, literally. Giant crème filled cupcakes in every flavor imaginable. They do sell mini cupcakes, but the smallest they come in is a pack of six. For this reason, when I’m feeling the cupcake craving I usually plan a trip right before a group meeting. That way I can buy a six pack, snag the best one (or two!) for myself and be a group project hero! Crumbs also sell Starbucks coffee and the line is usually much shorter than at Starbucks.   Ten coffees here earns you a free drink PLUS a free cupcake. Favorite quick bite to eat: Cascabel Taqueria (Broadway and 108th).  Casual, friendly, the best tacos I have ever had. My favorite is the Carne Asada, but if you’re in the mood for something lighter the pummel (which is actually just grapefruit) and avocado salad is very refreshing.   They have fairly decent margaritas as well.

Should Mandatory School Uniforms Be Beneficial - 946 Words

Growing up in the public school system, I was allowed to wear whatever I wanted to school from kindergarten till I graduated from high school and that is the way I believe it should be for all schools, public or private. There are arguments that can persuade you to believe that requiring school uniforms is more beneficial to students; however, there are stronger arguments convincing school uniforms not having a beneficial advantage over no school uniforms. It should not matter what a student wears to school, as long as the teacher is teaching and the student is learning; therefore, students should not be required to wear uniforms to school. School uniforms are stimulating commercial interests, as Americans shell out a whooping $1 billion dollars a year on uniforms (Listland par 6). No wonder businesses are promoting school uniforms because they are the ones profiting from them. Listland says, Institutions such as Lands End are funding marketing efforts specifically targeted towards public schools (Listland par 7). This is their way of getting schools to be on their side and switching to school uniforms. Big institutions are persuading schools, especially public schools, that school uniforms are beneficial to the students, when really they are just concerned with the outcome of their business. Ultimately, school uniforms are pushed by commercial interest rather than educational interest. The chief marketing officer of JC Penney s, Mike Boylson stresses that schoolShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A Uniformed School Day1550 Words   |  7 PagesA Uniformed School Day Uniforms have been a key element in promoting a successful, safe and unified establishment. Those successful establishments could possibly include a private high school, a sporting team, or even a business. Typically, private schools enforce the policy that a uniform most be worn by all enrolled students. But why hasn’t the majority of traditional public schools, developed uniform policies? Benefits of uniforms within schools may include, students feeling more professionalRead More Making Uniforms Mandatory for High Schools Essay594 Words   |  3 PagesMaking Uniforms Mandatory for High Schools School uniforms in high schools are becoming increasingly popular across Canada. In fact, most school boards are positive towards making uniforms mandatory. Uniforms at high schools should be mandatory. Can uniforms really make a difference in a student’s academic performance? Of course, they can. First of all, uniforms create an atmosphere of equality at school. When worn by all students, uniforms reduce the gap between the rich and the poor and thereforeRead MoreShould School Uniforms Be Mandatory? A School Setting?1071 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Enforcement of uniforms should be mandatory in a school setting Thesis: School uniforms in private and public schools are very beneficial to the educational institution to help promote better learning and positive social skills. I. Introduction: Allowing school uniforms into an educational environment, whether it be a college, university, or elementary, or high school setting would be a benefit to the entire institution. In short, uniforms have many positive benefits: preventing violence,Read MoreArgument Against School Uniforms993 Words   |  4 Pagesfor school? School uniform is what makes it easy! A set of clothing that is mainly worn, school uniform is one of the schools policy and recommendation. Generally worn in elementary and middle school, this outfit is composed of specific colors of long or short pants and shirts for boys, sometimes with a tie. Girls usually wear a dress or a blouse worn either with a skirt or pants, all however have the same colors. This dress code determines even the type of shoes that should be worn at school. SchoolRead MoreSchool Uniforms And School Schools1715 Words   |  7 Pageshate school and this was affecting their lives academically. School boards tried to find a w ay to improve the way students feel about themselves and about school, and they came up with the idea of school uniforms. School uniforms have been associated with just the Catholic school, but are now showing up in public schools across the country. According to the National Center for Education Statistics: Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 2011, twenty-one states require students to wear uniforms in theRead MoreThe Debate over the Implementation of School Uniform Policies in our Schools:743 Words   |  3 Pageshave been many debates over the implementation of school uniform policies in our schools. Opinions are formed about the appearance of uniforms powerful effects on the way in which a student should dress. This significant role of attire relates to how students could relay a message to themselves and others. In addition, uniforms are one of the most serious administrative concerns in our public school system. I strongly favor the fact that school uniforms are perfect be cause they assist in helping studentsRead MoreSchool Uniforms Should Not Solve All Problems Within A School System1595 Words   |  7 PagesSchool uniforms are school approved wardrobes that dictate what students wear to school. In today’s society, school systems’ deciding to implement uniforms has become a controversial issue among students, parents, and teachers. The use of uniforms by a school system is often an effort in branding and developing a unified image, but also has substantial effects on the students that are wearing uniforms. Some people believe that clothing is an expression of a person, while others believe that clothingRead MorePros And Cons Of School Uniforms712 Words   |  3 PagesAn epidemic among many schools around the United States and around the world is one huge thing. This epidemic among schools is the fact that students have to wear uniforms for their schools. However, some parents and students may disagree with wearing these uniforms. I a m one who supports the statement that students should not wear these uniforms for their schools. The next paragraphs will explain the pros and cons of not wearing and wearing school uniforms. I personally think that students shouldn’tRead MoreThe Implementation of School Uniform Policies649 Words   |  3 PagesThe institution of mandatory uniform policies in schools across the United States would prove advantageous in a myriad of areas such as violence and crime prevention, cost effectiveness, as well as academic performance and unity within the student body. Schools and school districts that have implemented such ordinances have experienced exceedingly satisfactory outcomes. Violence and crime rates have radically diminished. Parents who are feeling the effects of the economic recession have been ableRead MoreEssay on Implementing Uniforms In School is The Right Thing To Do1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe argument whether uniforms should be allowed in school has been debated over the last few decades. Implementing a uniform policy within schools would help reduce the rise of violent crimes. In todays high schools, too many innocent youths become fatalities due to gang warfare that has spread into the school system. Many parents feel that if a uniform policy was implemented the spread of gang warfare and the idea children have to have name brand clothing would decrease drastically. However others

Consequences Of Water Pollution - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2296 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Water Pollutions Essay Did you like this example? As technology advances over the years, there has been an increasing amount of people using products that are more durable and convenient. Around 1,000,000 plastic bottles [are bought by humans] every minute [and] it is estimated that four trillion plastic bags are used worldwide annually (Earth day 1). However, most products are made out of synthetically made material which are often not able to break down naturally and are not recycled. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Consequences Of Water Pollution" essay for you Create order Only about 23% of bottles [made] are [actually] recycled, only 1% of plastic bags are returned for recycling, [and] Americans throw away 100 billion plastic bags annually [which is] about 307 bags per person (Earth Day 1). Therefore, discoveries of trash islands, consisted of mainly plastic, have been located in at least three major oceans. This increased amount of trash in our oceans has become a major problem in water pollution that concerns both sea life and humans safety that could be solved with simple solutions such as recycling, volunteering at beach clean ups with friends, or following safe disposal practices. Trash islands are islands that are composed of discarded matter that have piled greatly from the mainland. They are transported through various ways such as sewers, animals, the environment, and of course, humans. These islands found all over the world could vary by size with the largest being located in the Pacific Ocean referred to as The Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch, also known as the Pacific trash vortex, spans waters from the West Coast of North America to Japan. The patch is actually comprised of the Western Garbage Patch, located near Japan, and the Eastern Garbage Patch, located between the U.S. states of Hawaii and California. Overall, most patches consist of large piles of man made products largely consisted of plastic materials. With this continuation, researchers have estimated that, by the end of this century, the surface waters of the ocean could be nearly 150 percent more acidic than they are now (Denchak 2). If not taken care of immediately, ocean waters would be more contaminated causing the ocean to become difficult to sanitate anything exposed to the waters, affecting both sea and human life. Plastic has become a popular source of material to several areas around the world. They have been incorporated into our daily lives that one does not realise how harmful it can possibly be. For example, take something that is commonly found in households such as a water bottle. People rely on water bottles as a source of containment for liquids. However, people have developed a mindset that once the liquid is gone, the bottle is trash thus forgetting that the water bottle is made out of plastic that is recyclable. Many people have adapted to this mindset that once something is finished, they should automatically throw it away that they forget that there is such a thing as a recycling bin where the bottle should end up instead of the ocean. Americans alone purchase about 50 billion water bottles per year, averaging about 13 bottles per month for every person in the U.S (Earth day 1). This would reveal just how much plastic has become such a necessity to many lives The trash ending up in our oceans would then cause many sea life to be affected greatly towards a negative direction. At least 100,000 marine animals and 1,000,000 seabirds die every year simply because they have eaten something they shouldnt have (Ocean Crusaders 1). According to the national Geographic, Albatrosses mistake plastic resin pellets for fish eggs and feed them to chicks, which die of starvation or ruptured organs (National Geographic 3). This would only show a few out of the several animal populations in the ocean that are affected, reflecting on how animals are being a main target from water pollution. Especially since animals do not have a voice in asking for help. They are only able to speak for themselves sadly through horrible incidents such as the death of a whale in Thailand. At first, the whale was holding onto life but unfortunately died even through the efforts of vets. However, once the whale was examined for the cause of death, marine officials discovered th at the whale had 80 sopping wet, black plastic bagspulled from the stomach of a [dead] whale (Raphelson 1). The whale autopsy reflects how even the largest mammal on the planet is even affected by the trash being thrown into the ocean. Animals are only able to show need for support through such tragedies which humans could prevent by becoming aware of the need to stop the water pollution. If not taken into action, most animals would more than likely be affected and are more than likely have a higher chance of becoming extinct simply because of the mistakes of not picking up after oneself. In addition, the sea life found in the coral reefs are being affected because, more-acidic waters also contribute to the bleaching of coral reefs and make it harder for some types of fish to sense predators and for others to hunt prey (Denchak 3). Coral reefs are an essential habitat towards many animals which means if they are affected, a long chain of affects are implemented on the surrounding animals leading to another way of animal death. Thus, action towards water pollution is needed to be implemente d now before it leads to animals not having a habitat for themselves or for its future generations because their homes are either being destroyed or they themselves are being eliminated. Moreover, animals are not the only living creatures being affected but humans as well. Humans spends lots of time in the ocean as a getaway not realising how unhealthy the water has become. According to the National Survey on Recreation and Environment (NSRE), more than 143 million people in the U.S. [itself with], 61% of the population over the age 16, use surface waters to engage in non-motorized water sports revealing that several people come into contact with the ocean (Beachapedia 1). Furthermore, it is stated by Raphelson that, Every minute [there] is the equivalent of a garbage truck full of plastic going into the ocean (Raphelson 3). This means that humans are swimming in water that carries several particles of trash debris that are very unsanitary and are more than likely unhealthy for the body. Thus, it leads to human exposure to unknown or harmful chemicals that can lead many to become very ill with at least 1 billion people falling ill because of unsafe waters (NRDC 8). For instance, disease causing microorganisms, called pathogens, are associated with a range of enteric and non-enteric illnesses (Beachapedia 1). These illness would reside in the human intestines causing AGI or in other words acute gastrointestinal illness (Beachapedia 1) causing symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach ache, and fever. This creates serious pain to the human body, preventing many from enjoying or doing everyday things (Beachapedia 1). It is even stated by the UN DESA that, Every year, more people die from unsafe water than from all forms of violence, including war. In 2015 alone, water pollution caused 1.8 million deaths according to the study from The Lancet (NRDC 8). Hence, showing how critical water pollution has become that human lives are now beginning to be greatly affected. However, ocean water is not only polluted through water or by land but also through airborne sources. An example would be Coal-fired power plants [or] chlorine factories [that] release mercury into the air [that would] eventually settle into the ocean (Thank You Ocean 6). This mercury being released into the environment is a dangerous toxin which then enters the systems of marine organisms and bioaccumulates, or increases, as larger fish eat smaller fish contaminated with mercury (NRDC 7). Consequently, this would lead to the consumption of contaminated fish which would greatly affect humans because mercury can cause serious damage to the brain and nervous system (NRDC 7). Furthermore, edible fish such as tuna and swordfish, often have the highest [concentrations] of mercury, indicating that most humans are presently becoming contaminated through this food source without much knowledge of the negative effects it may have on their bodies (NPR 2). For this reason, doctors recommend limiting the consumption of some types of fish and shellfish in order to limit the amount of mercury consumed into ones body. All inclusive, there is a need to take immediate action in order to prevent any more damage to human health not only for the present generation but for the health for generations to come. Their future greatly depends on the actions we implement now which should be to create a more sanitary ocean for them to be in, eat, and enjoy. In fact, many people worldwide have begun to notice the importance of protecting our oceans from water pollution. California alone has begun to protect one of its important assets to the state with its coastlines having beach visitors spend over 10 billion dollars each year (Thank You Ocean 8) . California began to monitor and regulate the ocean through a series of volunteer programs that helps clean up the coastlines beaches. It is estimated that around 100 million dollars has been invested in California alone to fund local projects that reduce the amount of trash on the coastlines (Thank You Ocean 8). In addition, California has passed a bill that eliminates the use of straws helping prevent straws from entering the ocean especially since plastic is of the major items commonly found in the ocean. Although such action is taken, many believe its unnecessary to ban or prohibit many items or actions implied on the people. This situation could be viewed with the controversy of banning straws in California. It has been stated that if people violated this banned item, there might be federal consequences such as jail time for a waitress or bartender serving someone a straw (San Francisco Chronicle 1). Many view this as unnecessary and cruel punishment for someone who is simply doing their job. Many even note that California should focus more on their ways of handling pollution that is presently in front of them such as the piles of trash that are on sidewalks and roads instead of a little straw. However, focusing on the smaller problems would help prevent the bigger problems of water pollution. Straws being a product made out of plastic, is one of the main contributors to the present pollution that is at stake. Straws are commonly found in the ocean and in several cases found as a cause of damage towards sea life. An example of this would be of a sea turtle that had a four inch plastic straw stuck completely in his nostril. Two researchers tried to extract the straw only causing a stream of blood to flow out of its nostril (Plastic Pollution Coalition 2). This shows how many people do not view a straw as a harmful device when in reality the sraw, or basically anything thrown into the ocean, is a threat to sea life no matter the size. Even though it may seem like strict laws, these steps are needed to protect our oceans from danger because many do not take the problem seriously until reminded through the law thus not hurting any living creature by preventing any damage from h uman innovations. Furthermore, in order to maintain stability of the chemicals being put into the ocean, factories or any source that releases large amounts of pollution should make sure that their waste is being thrown away correctly. This would prevent the ocean from attaining any form of unhealthy chemical to worsen the safety and health of the ocean. Also, since the air could also be a factor towards water pollution, implementing renewable energy sources in companies, especially large ones, in order to obtain their energy in a more eco friendly way rather than in a manner that pollutes the air and water. For example, solar energy, wind turbines and hydro power are all pollution free methods of obtaining power from the earths natural resources without harming the earths existing natural resources to obtain this energy (Whale Facts 5). In addition, people making the switch between harmful chemicals to more eco-friendly chemicals that are little to no harm when they come in contact with water. Additionally, the toxic fumes that can be spread through heavy rainfall into several water systems, should be filtered, rerouted and cleaned before making their way to the atmosphere (Whale Facts 6). People can help contribute with lessening water pollution through simple everyday tasks. For example, Keep your car well maintained and immediately service it if you notice any oil leaking from the car or Purchase environmentally friendly cleaning products that do not harm the land if they happen to be flushed or emptied into a drain (Whale Facts 7). Also, not letting water run when not in use which would help conserve water that is already safe to being misused. Additionally, recycling cans, bottles, paper, or even other items such as clothes because it would allow the items to either be used once again or to be created into new resources instead of floating trash in the ocean. All together, such changes or solutions can help restore the oceans safety and sanitation from water pollution for all living creatures on the sea, air, and of course humans. In conclusion, by becoming more aware of the consequences water pollution has towards life in both sea and land, life can become more safe and prosperous for future years to come. There are several solutions being explored worldwide in order to stop or prevent the water pollution from spreading. Most importantly, there are various simple ways all the people could help to contribute towards helping the ocean become much cleaner such as the examples mentioned because if measures are not taken as soon as possible, many animals, plants, and humans would suffer many consequences such as illness as unfortunately for plants and animals, the brink of extinction.

Concept of data mining and warehouse Free Essays

string(112) " companies set up informations forms and tendencies by utilizing a figure of complex algorithms and techniques\." Abstraction: Data excavation can detect information hidden within valuable informations assets. Knowledge find, utilizing advanced information engineerings, can bring out venas of surprising, aureate penetrations in a mountain of factual informations. Data excavation consists of panoply of powerful tools which are intuitive, easy to explicate, apprehensible, and simple to utilize. We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of data mining and warehouse or any similar topic only for you Order Now These advanced information engineerings include unreal intelligence methods ( e.g. adept systems, fuzzed logic, etc. ) , determination trees, regulation initiation methods, familial algorithms and familial scheduling, nervous webs ( e.g. back extension, associate memories, etc. ) , and constellating techniques. The synergism created between informations warehousing and informations excavation allows cognition searchers to leverage their monolithic informations assets, therefore bettering the quality and effectivity of their determinations. The turning demands for informations excavation and real-time analysis of information will be a impulsive force in the development of new informations warehouse architectures and methods and, conversely, the development of new informations excavation methods and applications. Keywords: Computer package, Data excavation, Data structuring, Knowledge-based systems Introduction Data excavation is concerned with detecting new, meaningful information, so that determination shapers can larn every bit much as they can from their valuable informations assets. Using advanced information engineerings, cognition find in databases, can bring out venas of surprising and aureate penetrations in a mountain of factual informations. Data repositing is a methodological analysis that combines and co-ordinates many sets of diversified informations into a incorporate and consistent organic structure of utile information. In larger organisations, many different types of users with varied demands must use the same monolithic informations warehouse to recover those pieces of information which best suit their alone demands. DATA Mining CONCEPTS Data excavation can be defined as the procedure of researching and analysing big volumes of informations in order to detect interesting and concealed forms, regulations and relationships with informations. The intent of informations excavation is to let a corporation to better its selling, gross revenues and client support operations through better apprehension of its clients. Large corporation are utilizing informations excavation to turn up high-value clients, to heighten their merchandise offerings to increase gross revenues and to minimise losingss due to error or fraud. HOW DATA MINING WORKS Data excavation is a constituent of a wider procedure called â€Å" cognition find from database † . It involves scientists and statisticians, every bit good as those working in other Fieldss such as machine acquisition, unreal intelligence, information retrieval and pattern acknowledgment. Before a information set can be mined, it foremost has to be â€Å" cleaned † . This cleansing procedure removes mistakes, ensures consistence and takes losing values into history. Next, computing machine algorithms are used to â€Å" mine † the clean informations looking for unusual forms. Finally, the forms are interpreted to bring forth new cognition. How informations excavation can help bankers in heightening their concerns is illustrated in this illustration. Records include information such as age, sex, matrimonial position, business, figure of kids, and etc. of the bank ‘s clients over the old ages are used in the excavation procedure. First, an algorithm is used to place features that distinguish clients who took out a peculiar sort of loan from those who did non. Finally, it develops â€Å" regulations † by which it can place clients who are likely to be good campaigners for such a loan. These regulations are so used to place such clients on the balance of the database. Next, another algorithm is used to screen the database into bunch or groups of people with many similar properties, with the hope that these might uncover interesting and unusual forms. Finally, the forms revealed by these bunchs are so interpreted by the information mineworkers, in coaction with bank forces DATA WAREHOUSE CONCEPTS Data repositing is a subject-oriented, integrated, historical and summarized informations in support of direction ‘s determination devising. Capable oriented It shops subject-oriented information such as clients, merchandises and pupils instead than the application countries such as client invoicing, stock list and pupil direction. Integrated It is the consolidation and integrating of corporate application-oriented informations from multiple beginnings. The integrated informations beginning must be made consistent to show a incorporate position of the informations to the users. Historical Data warehouse informations is historical. It represents snapshots overtime. Data is read merely because it is historical informations. Summarized A information repositing system can frequently be summarized to an appropriate degree of item. A information warehouse provides information to help companies in determination devising. Companies can utilize the valuable information in a information warehouse to place tendencies. A information repositing is a procedure that can: Retrieve information from the beginning systems Transform informations into a utile format to put into the informations warehouse Pull off the database Use tools for edifice and pull offing the information warehouse DATA Mining TOOLS Organizations that wish to utilize informations excavation tools can buy excavation plans designed for bing package and hardware platforms, which can be integrated into new merchandises and systems as they are brought online, or they can construct their ain usage excavation solution. For case, feeding the end product of a information excavation exercising into another computing machine system, such as a nervous web, is rather common and can give the mined informations more value. This is because the informations excavation tool gathers the informations, while the 2nd plan ( e.g. , the nervous web ) makes determinations based on the information collected. Different types of informations excavation tools are available in the market place, each with their ain strengths and failings. Internal hearers need to be cognizant of the different sorts of informations excavation tools available and urge the purchase of a tool that matches the organisation ‘s current detective demands. This should be considered every bit early as possible in the undertaking ‘s lifecycle, possibly even in the feasibleness survey. Most informations excavation tools can be classified into one of three classs: traditional informations excavation tools, splashboards, and text-mining tools. Below is a description of each. Traditional Data Mining Tools. Traditional information excavation plans help companies set up informations forms and tendencies by utilizing a figure of complex algorithms and techniques. You read "Concept of data mining and warehouse" in category "Essay examples" Some of these tools are installed on the desktop to supervise the information and high spot tendencies and others capture information residing outside a database. The bulk are available in both Windows and UNIX versions, although some specialize in one operating system merely. In add-on, while some may concentrate on one database type, most will be able to manage any informations utilizing on-line analytical processing or a similar engineering. Splashboards. Installed in computing machines to supervise information in a database, splashboards reflect informations alterations and updates onscreen – frequently in the signifier of a chart or table – enabling the user to see how the concern is executing. Historical informations besides can be referenced, enabling the user to see where things have changed ( e.g. , addition in gross revenues from the same period last twelvemonth ) . This functionality makes splashboards easy to utilize and peculiarly appealing to directors who wish to hold an overview of the company ‘s public presentation. Text-mining Tools. The 3rd type of informations mining tool sometimes is called a text-mining tool because of its ability to mine informations from different sorts of text – from Microsoft Word and Acrobat PDF paperss to simple text files, for illustration. These tools scan content and change over the selected information into a format that is compatible with the tool ‘s database, therefore supplying users with an easy and convenient manner of accessing informations without the demand to open different applications. Scanned content can be unstructured ( i.e. , information is scattered about indiscriminately across the papers, including electronic mails, Internet pages, sound and picture informations ) or structured ( i.e. , the information ‘s signifier and intent is known, such as content found in a database ) . Capturing these inputs can supply organisations with a wealth of information that can be mined to detect tendencies, constructs, and attitudes. Besides these tools, other applications and plans may be used for informations excavation intents. For case, audit question tools can be used to foreground fraud, information anomalousnesss, and forms. In add-on, internal hearers can utilize spreadsheets to set about simple informations excavation exercisings or to bring forth drumhead tabular arraies. Some of the desktop, notebook, and server computing machines that run runing systems such as Windows, Linux, and Macintosh can be imported straight into Microsoft Excel. Using polar tabular arraies in the spreadsheet, hearers can reexamine complex informations in a simplified format and bore down where necessary to happen the underlining premises or information. When measuring informations excavation schemes, companies may make up one’s mind to get several tools for specific intents, instead than buying one tool that meets all demands. Although geting several tools is non a mainstream attack, a company may take to make so if, for illustration, it installs a splashboard to maintain directors informed on concern affairs, a full data-mining suite to gaining control and construct informations for its selling and gross revenues weaponries, and an question tool so hearers can place fraud activity. DATAMINING Technique In add-on to utilizing a peculiar information excavation tool, internal hearers can take from a assortment of informations mining techniques. The most normally used techniques include unreal nervous webs, determination trees, and the nearest-neighbor method. Each of these techniques analyzes informations in different ways: Artificial nervous webs are non-linear, prognostic theoretical accounts that learn through preparation. Although they are powerful prognostic mold techniques, some of the power comes at the disbursal of easiness of usage and deployment. One country where hearers can easy utilize them is when reexamining records to place fraud and fraud-like actions. Because of their complexness, they are better employed in state of affairss where they can be used and reused, such as reexamining recognition card minutess every month to look into for anomalousnesss. Decision trees are arboreal constructions that represent determination sets. These determinations generate regulations, which so are used to sort informations. Decision trees are the favorite technique for constructing apprehensible theoretical accounts. Hearers can utilize them to measure, for illustration, whether the organisation is utilizing an appropriate cost-efficient selling scheme that is based on the assigned value of the client, such as net income. The nearest-neighbor method classifies dataset records based on similar informations in a historical dataset. Hearers can utilize this attack to specify a papers that is interesting to them and inquire the system to seek for similar points. Each of these attacks brings different advantages and disadvantages that need to be considered prior to their usage. Nervous webs, which are hard to implement, necessitate all input and end point end product to be expressed numerically, therefore necessitating some kind of reading depending on the nature of the data-mining exercising. The determination tree technique is the most normally used methodological analysis, because it is simple and straightforward to implement. Finally, the nearest-neighbor method relies more on associating similar points and, hence, works better for extrapolation instead than prognostic questions. A good manner to use advanced informations excavation techniques is to hold a flexible and synergistic informations excavation tool that is to the full integrated with a database or informations warehouse. Using a tool that operates outside of the database or informations warehouse is non as efficient. Using such a tool will affect excess stairss to pull out, import, and analyze the information. When a information excavation tool is integrated with the informations warehouse, it simplifies the application and execution of excavation consequences. Furthermore, as the warehouse grows with new determinations and consequences, the organisation can mine best patterns continually and use them to future determinations. Regardless of the technique used, the existent value behind informations excavation is patterning – the procedure of constructing a theoretical account based on user-specified standards from already captured informations. Once a theoretical account is built, it can be used in similar state of affairss where an reply is non known. For illustration, an organisation looking to get new clients can make a theoretical account of its ideal client that is based on bing informations captured from people who antecedently purchased the merchandise. The theoretical account so is used to question informations on prospective clients to see if they match the profile. Modeling besides can be used in audit sections to foretell the figure of hearers required to set about an audit program based on old efforts and similar work. BENEFITS OF DATA MINING A ; DATA WAREHOUSE TO ORGANIZATIONS Benefits of Data Mining Organizations ‘ point of position Data excavation is really of import to concerns because it helps to heighten their overall operations and detect new forms that may let companies gives better function to their clients. Through informations excavation, fiscal and insurance companies are able to observe forms of deceitful recognition card use, place behavior forms of hazard clients, and analyze claims.Besides that, informations excavation besides help these companies minimize their hazard and increase their net incomes. Since companies are able to minimise their hazard, they may be able to bear down the clients lower involvement rate or lower premium. Companies are stating that information excavation is good to everyone because some of the benefit that they obtained through informations excavation will be passed on to the consumers. Data excavation allows marketing companies to aim their clients more efficaciously, hence, can cut down their demands for mass advertizements. As a consequence, the companies can go through on their economy to the consumers. Harmonizing to Michael Turner, an executive manager of a Directing Marking Association † Detailed consumer information lets apparel retail merchants market their merchandises to consumers with more preciseness. But if privateness regulations impose limitations and barriers to informations aggregation, those restrictions could increase the monetary values consumers pay when they buy from catalog or on-line dress retail merchants by 3.5 % to 11 % † . When it comes to privacy issues, organisations will state that they are making everything they can to protect their clients ‘ personal information. In add-on, they merely use consumer informations for ethical intents such as selling, observing recognition card fraudulent, and etc. To guarantee that personal information are used in an ethical manner, the main information officers ( CIO ) Magazine has put together a list of what they call the Six Commandments of Ethical Date Management. The six commandments include: â€Å" 1 ) information is a valuable corporate plus and should be managed as such, like hard currency, installations or any other corporate plus ; 2 ) the CIO is steward of corporate informations and is responsible for pull offing it over its life rhythm ( from its coevals to its appropriate devastation ) ; 3 ) the CIO is responsible for commanding entree to and usage of informations, as determined by governmental ordinance and corporate policy ; 4 ) the CIO is respo nsible for forestalling inappropriate devastation of informations ; 5 ) the CIO is responsible for conveying technological cognition to the development of informations direction patterns and policies ; 6 ) the CIO should spouse with executive equals to develop and put to death the organisation ‘s informations direction policies. † Since informations excavation is non a perfect procedure, errors such as mismatching information will happen. Companies and organisations are cognizant of this issue and seek to cover it. Harmonizing to Agrawal, an IBM ‘s research worker, informations obtained through excavation is merely associated with a 5 to 10 per centum loss in truth. However, with uninterrupted betterment in informations excavation techniques, the per centum in inaccuracy will diminish significantly. Benefits of Data Warehouse There are a big figure of obvious advantages involved with utilizing a information warehouse. As the name suggests, a information warehouse is a computerized warehouse in which information is stored. The organisation that owns this information can analyse it in order to happen historical forms or connexions that can let them to do of import concern determinations. In this article I will travel over some of the advantages and disadvantages that are connected to informations warehouses. One of the best advantages to utilizing a information warehouse is that users will be able to entree a big sum of information. This information can be used to work out a big figure of jobs, and it can besides be used to increase the net incomes of a company. Not merely are users able to hold entree to a big sum of information, but this information is besides consistent. It is relevant and organized in an efficient mode. While it will help a company in increasing its net incomes, the cost of calculating will greatly be reduced. One powerful characteristic of information warehouses is that informations from different locations can be combined in one location. There are a figure of grounds why this is of import. When information is taken from multiple beginnings and placed in a centralised location, an organisation can analyse it in a manner that may let them to come up with different solutions than they would if they looked at the information individually. Data excavation is connected to informations warehouses, and nervous webs or computing machine algorithms are responsible. When information is analyzed from multiple beginnings, forms and connexions can be discovered which would non be found otherwise. Another advantage of information warehouses is that they can make a construction which will let alterations within the stored informations to be transferred back to operational systems. However there are a figure of disadvantages that need to be mentioned every bit good. Before informations can be stored within the warehouse, it must be cleaned, loaded, or extracted. This is a procedure that can take a long period of clip. There may besides be issues with compatibility. For illustration, a new dealing system may non work with systems that are already being used. Users who will be working with the informations warehouse must be trained to utilize it. If they are non trained decently, they may take non to work within the informations warehouse. If the informations warehouse can be accessed via the cyberspace, this could take to a big figure of security jobs. Another job with the informations warehouse is that it is hard to keep. Any organisation that is sing utilizing a information warehouse must make up one’s mind if the benefits outweigh the costs. Once you have paid for the information warehouse, you will still necessitate to pay for the cost of care over clip. The costs involved with this must ever be taken into consideration. When it comes to hive awaying information, there are two techniques which are used. The first is called the dimensional technique. When the dimensional technique is used, information will be stored within the informations warehouse as facts. These facts will take the signifier of either text or numerical information. Data which is stored with the dimensional technique will incorporate information which is specific to one event. The dimensional technique is utile for workers who have a limited sum of information engineering accomplishments. It makes the informations easy for them to analyze and understand. In add-on to this, information warehouses that use the dimensional technique tend to run rapidly. The biggest job with the dimensional technique is if the company decides to alter the manner it conducts concern, it will be hard to alter the informations warehouse to back up it. The 2nd technique that is used hive awaying information is called database standardization. With this technique, the information is store in a 3rd normal signifier. While adding informations is easy, bring forthing studies can be boring. Decision As a decision, informations excavation can be good for concerns, authoritiess, society every bit good as the single individual. However, the major defect with informations excavation is that it increases the hazard of privateness invasion. Currently, concern organisations do non hold sufficient security systems to protect the information that they obtained through informations excavation from unauthorised entree, though the usage of informations excavation should be restricted. In the hereafter, when companies are willing to pass money to develop sufficient security system to protect consumer informations, so the usage of informations excavation may be supported. How to cite Concept of data mining and warehouse, Essay examples

European Conference Knowledge Management †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The European Conference Knowledge Management? Answer: Introducation Knowledge may be defined as the insight into someone or something like information, facts, skills or description that can be gained by education or experience, by discovery, study or perception. It may involve a practical or theoretical understanding of any particular subject. Knowledge may be both implicit and explicit. Implicit knowledge refers to the expertise or practical understanding of a matter while the explicit knowledge deals with the theoretical comprehension of the concerned subject. The essay concentrates on defining knowledge from the philosophical point of view. It throws light on the tripartite definition of knowledge. The following essay mainly focuses on propositional knowledge. This essay also looks into the variations and counter-examples of propositional knowledge and tries to explain them as well. According to the famous philosopher Plato, knowledge may be defined as any belief that is true and justified (Sisson Ryan, 2015, September). The study of knowledge is known as epistemology. Knowledge is something that can be acquired and that can be acquainted with. Knowledge maybe derived from a variety of sources. These sources can be broadly categorized into perception, inference, testimony and similarity. Knowledge maybe acquired from the mentioned sources but knowledge does not depend only on these sources. Epistemology includes a person`s belief and what a person believes. Thus, the idea of truth and beliefs incorporated in the concept of knowledge (Pritchard, 2013). Knowledge, according to many philosophers, may be defined as justified true belief. It holds the view that for a to know s there must exist an entity s; a should believe in s and the belief of a should be justified. This definition of knowledge is also known as the tripartite definition of knowledge. This definition of knowledge defines propositional knowledge but not knowledge gathered by virtue of acquaintance. There are philosophers like Edmund Gettier who put forward the theory that the tripartite definition is insufficient (Gettier, 2007). He further argues that the concerned observer may be unaware of the fact that all the clauses of the tripartite are fulfilled. The word knowledge can be defined in various ways in the English language (Granzon Josefson, 2012). Firstly, knowledge may be defined as that of individuals. The individual knowledge may be defined as knowledge based on acquaintance. The knowledge mentioned may refer to a persons possession of knowledge about any person, place other things. Secondly, any knowledge of a fact about any person, place or thing may also be termed as knowledge. In this type of knowledge, a person claims his knowledge of a fact about someone or something. Thus, this is categorized as factual knowledge. Factual knowledge may also be referred to as propositional knowledge. In this type of knowledge, it is not necessary to know the fact and the person or thing that it is attached to in attachment to each other. The facts may be known separately as well. In some languages of the world, it is noticeable that there exists separate vocabulary for knowledge based on acquaintance and knowledge based on facts. Knowl edge can be classified in yet another way. Under this categorization, knowledge is classified on the basis of skills. A proposition may be defined as a statement that can have two values, true and false. The propositions are always found occurring at the end of sentences. Knowledge may be analyzed through the philosophical skill of conceptual analysis. Conceptual analysis aims to achieve a clearer and better understanding of a concept by making an attempt to analyze the situations under which the idea applies. There are three different steps that follow each other in the similar order with the goal of attaining a counter-example free definition of the same. Philosophical readings do not always give such clear results, but nevertheless provides with a deeper understanding of the concept that is being analyzed. The first step towards conceptual analysis is the use of intuitive knowledge towards the method of application of a concept. It refers to the capacity of the concerned person to put forward a primary definition of the concept. The next step of the process is to look for counter-examples if any. The third and final step involves re-evaluation of the primary definition so as to avoid the counter-examples that were encountered. Philosophical statements and analyses are generally based on sufficient and necessary conditions. The sufficient conditions are those that guarantee that a conclusion would be reached on fulfilling the given conditions. The necessary conditions provided rule out the other alternatives and state that to attain the desired results even those have to be fulfilled. In the language of philosophy, these are known as if and only if conditions (Ayer, 1956). In order to arrive at the primary definition, a concept must clear the sufficient and necessary conditions. It may be said that something is a if and only if p. in this example, p is both the sufficient and the necessary condition. On further simplification of the definition it may be said that to be identified as a the condition p should be fulfilled. Knowledge, according to philosophy, can be derived from belief and certainty. The definition of knowledge as justified true belief put forward certain conditions. It advocates that In simpler words, it may be said that in order to know something, the topic of knowledge has to be true. The person in possession of the knowledge has to consider it to be true. It has to have reasons enough to support the consideration that it is true. Knowledge can be claimed on a certain topic only when all the constraints discussed above are met. This theory is most of the times conveyed through the declaration that knowledge is justified true belief. Some philosophers suggest that there should be a constraint in the definition of knowledge that deems it eligible to be used in the process of acquiring further knowledge (Grobler, 2012). In a paper published in 1963, Edmund Gettier, an American philosopher, had raised a few serious issues regarding this theory of knowledge. In his paper, Gettier had provided with counter-examples to this theory that were deemed crucial for his argument to become successful. The eminent American philosopher argues that it is possible for a person to justifiably believe in a proposition that is, in reality, false. He furthermore states a may be justified in his belief p; p needs q; a deduces q from p and trust q too be the result of the mentioned deduction (Gettier, 2007; Janvid, 2012). Thus a is justifiable in believing q. Gettier opens his paper addressing the issue that a belief that seems justified and true is false in reality. His suggestions may lead to the belief that the early humans were logical and justified in their belief that the earth is flat and not spherical or the very existence of Santa Claus. It is found to be extremely logical on the part of the ancestors of modern human beings to believe that the surface of the earth is flat. This is so because they never found evidence of any fact that proved otherwise. Similarly, in the case of the existence of Santa Claus, children have justification enough to believe that the person exists because of lack of reason for doubting parents. Gettier puts forward another assumption against the theory in discussion. According to him, knowledge can be derived from inference drawn from a true belief that is justified (Williamson, 2015). In this case, the justification is inherited from the fact that the inference was taken from a justified belief. In this context, Gettier puts forward certain case studies to highlight the assumptions (Cohen Comesaa, 2013). One such case study is referred to as The Strange Case of Smith and Jones. In this case is found that Smith is told by the appointment head that Jones is sure to get hired for a job and Smith while waiting for the interview observes Jones counting ten coins. While waiting for the interview results, Smith goes on to further logical deductions and comes to a realization that it entails that the person to be hired possesses ten coins. While Smith is busy in logical deductions, Smith reveals some snippets of his interview which helps Smith deduce that Smith, and not Jones is to be hired. So, it is seen that the earlier proposition that Jones would be hired turned out to be false. At times, it may be seen that knowledge at times may be faulty if inferred from a non-reliable source. Gettier suggests the addition of another condition in the analysis of knowledge (Austin, 2012). This condition states that the belief should not be arriving from any inferential process that may involve a false belief. It may be seen that there is a non-inferential source of knowledge that shows that the gained knowledge through sight may not always be true (Williamson, 2015). Knowledge is memory-based which implies that a person should remember a fact learnt at a certain time should remember and acknowledge the same thereafter. Knowledge may be acquired through perception, memory or a combination of the two. Inference is yet another source of knowledge; it can be obtained through various methods like mirroring and reconstruction of previously known facts (Goldman, 1967). Thus, from the discussion above, it may be concluded that knowledge may be defined on a variety of viewpoints. Many philosophical theories and beliefs define knowledge based on the source of the knowledge as well as the justifiability of the same. The tripartite theory of knowledge may hold good for certain cases of knowledge but not for all the cases. The theories and assumptions put forth by Gettier should also be kept in mind while attempting a definition of knowledge. Knowledge is also affected by inference from multiple cases, presence of subsequent evidence and perpetually formed beliefs. According to philosophers, defeasibility of knowledge and disconnection of the cause and truth-maker also influence knowledge. References Austin, D. S. (Ed.). (2012).Philosophical analysis: a defense by example(Vol. 39). Springer Science Business Media. Ayer, A. J., Mari?, S. (1956).The problem of knowledge(pp. 173-175). Harmondsworth: Penguin books. Cohen, S., Comesaa, J. (2013). Williamson on Gettier cases and epistemic logic.Inquiry,56(1), 15-29. Dancy, J. (1985).Contemporary Epistemology. Oxford. Gettier, E. (2007). Is justified true belief knowledge?. Goldman, A. I. (1967). A causal theory of knowing.The journal of Philosophy,64(12), 357-372. Granzon, B., Josefson, I. (Eds.). (2012).Knowledge, skill and artificial intelligence. Springer Science Business Media. Grobler, A. (2012). Fifth part of the definition of knowledge.Philosophica,86, 33-50. Janvid, M. (2012). Knowledge versus understanding: the cost of avoiding Gettier.Acta Analytica,27(2), 183-197. Lacewing, M. (2015). The tripartite definition of knowledge.An Online Journal taken from www. olevelphilosophy. co. uk. Pritchard, D. (2013).What is this thing called knowledge?. Routledge. Sisson, P., Ryan, J. (2015, September). What do we Know? Building a Knowledge Concept map. InEuropean Conference on Knowledge Management(p. 1028). Academic Conferences International Limited.Ayer, A. (1956).The problem of knowledge. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin. Williamson, T. (2015). A note on Gettier cases in epistemic logic.Philosophical Studies,172(1), 129-140.